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Cao Cao's invasion of Xuzhou : ウィキペディア英語版
Cao Cao's invasion of Xu Province

Cao Cao's invasion of Xu Province was a punitive invasion launched by the warlord Cao Cao against Tao Qian, the Governor of Xu Province, in the late Eastern Han dynasty. The ''casus belli'' for the invasion was the murder of Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, in Xu Province. Although Tao Qian's culpability was questionable, Cao Cao nonetheless held him responsible. The invasion took place in two separate waves in 193 and 194, during each of which Cao Cao captured a number of towns and engaged in collective punishment of the civilian populace.
==Background==
(詳細はBozhou, Anhui) after retirement until it became a battle field when the Campaign against Dong Zhuo happened. So Cao Song along with the rest of Cao's family moved to Langya (琅邪; present-day Linyi, Shandong) in Xu Province. By 193, Cao Cao had established a base in Yan Province (covering present-day southwestern Shandong and eastern Henan). And he invited his father over to his territory. However, before Cao's family could reunite, they were murdered in the border line of Xu Province and Yan Province. There were two accounts of how they were murdered. One was that the governor of Xu Province, Tao Qian, sent his men to kill Cao's family because he was defeated by Cao several times. The other was that Tao Qian actually sent people to protect Cao's family because he was afraid of Cao Cao. But his men killed Cao's family for the great fortune they owned. Regardless of Tao Qian's culpability, Cao Cao intended to hold him responsible for the murder of his father.〔''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', 1.11, biography of Cao Cao: 興平元年春,太祖自徐州還,初,太祖父嵩去官後還譙,董卓之亂,避難琅邪,為陶謙所害,故太祖志在復讎東伐。〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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